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E61 anthrax bomblet
The E61 anthrax bomblet was an American biological sub-munition for the E133 cluster bomb. This anti-personnel weapon was developed in the early 1950s and carried 35 milliliters of anthrax spores or another pathogen.
==History==
Around October 1953 the United States Air Force reoriented its biological warfare program. One result of this, in anti-personnel weaponry, was a move away from weapons such as the M33 cluster bomb to the lethal E61 anthrax bomb.〔Whitby, Simon M. ''Biological Warfare Against Crops'', ((Google Books )), Macmillan, 2002, pp. 114-15, (ISBN 0333920856).〕 The E61 was first developed in January 1951 as both an anti-personnel and anti-animal weapon capable of being clustered and dropped from a medium height.〔Endicott, Stephen Lyon and Hagerman, Edward. ''The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea'', ((Google Books )), Indiana University Press, 1998, p. 72, (ISBN 0253334721).〕 On March 5, 1954 a directive from the U.S. Department of Defense altered the course of the U.S. biological weapons program.〔 The program shifted focus to developing munitions that were not only improved but those that could be delivered by high speed aircraft and balloon.〔 The weapons referred to included the E61 bomblet.〔Guillemin, Jeanne. ''Biological Weapons: From the Invention of State-Sponsored Programs to Contemporary Bioterrorism'', ((Google Books )), Columbia University Press, 2005, p. 101, (ISBN 0231129424).〕
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